Crusaders ruled most of Palestine during the last two or three years of the 11th century, and for some time after.
Arabs never ruled Palestine as a separate country or as an individual province, but what is considered "Mandatory Palestine" was under the control of Arab Empires from 636 CE when it was conquered by Rightly-Guided Caliph Omar to 1073 CE when the Seljuk Turkish Empire conquered it. It would also pass to the Crusaders and the Kurdish Ayyubids for a century or two. Since the Turks, Kurds, and Crusaders are not Arabs, their 800+ years of control over Palestine should not be counted. As a result, Palestine was in Arab hands for 437 years. If you add the modern Jordanian and Egyptian occupations of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to this count as well as the legal tenure of the Palestinian Authority, that is another 38 years (18+20) of Arab rule over Palestine, making for a total of 475 years.
Palestine was under Roman rule at the time of Christ's birth.
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They were called Mandates.
The British ruled the regions would become Iraq, Jordan, Israel, and Palestine as Mandates. From 1919-1921 the only two British Mandates in the Middle East were those of Iraq and Palestine. In 1922, the Mandate of Palestine was divided into the Mandate of Palestine and the Mandate of Transjordan.
6th century
They didn't. In antiquity the land occupied by Jews under Roman rule was named Judaea. After they were pushed out of the territory it was renamed Palestine. It did not become Israel until the founding of the modern nation in the 20th century.
The 20th century, from 1934 to 1945.
15th century
From 1492 to World War I, the Ottoman Empire allowed large numbers of Jewish refugees to settle in Palestine as well as other Ottoman lands. Prior to the 20th Century, Jewish settlement was seen as an economic development tool. After World War I, under British rule, while the pressure from refugees increased, British mandate Palestine enacted more and more restrictions on refugee resettlement.
In world war 2, there was no democracy in Israel. The British Mandate of Palestine formalised British rule in Palestine from 1917-1948.
No, the 11th Circuit has not ruled on it.