yes
Priests performed rituals in Rome. There were several priesthoods, each tending to specific gods and officiating specific rituals.
The Romans prayed in conjunction with the offering of sacrifices to the Gods. These rituals were performed at the temple of the god or gods they wanted to appeal to.
The festivals and rituals were part of the religious beliefs of the ancient Romans. If some god/goddess were credited with a favor or a benefit to the city, they were honored with a festival and certain rituals whose purpose was to insure the god's continuing favor.
The Etruscans assisted Romans in developing their writing system, many of their traditions and rituals, building and urbanization
The Etruscans assisted Romans in developing their writing system, many of their traditions and rituals, building and urbanization
The legionary commander always took the omens before a battle. (They were somehow always good). Then the commander would give the men a "pep talk" telling them how good they were and how weak the enemy was. Individual soldiers may have had personal rituals they performed before assembly.
No, Romans did not believe in Valhalla, as it is a concept from Norse mythology associated with the afterlife for warriors who died bravely in battle. The Romans had their own beliefs about the afterlife, including ideas of the underworld ruled by Pluto and the practice of honoring ancestors through various rituals. While the Romans did interact with various cultures, including the Norse, their religious beliefs were distinct and centered around their own pantheon of gods and traditions.
The Romans had many religious rituals as they had many gods and many different traditions. They involved offerings (sarcifices or the giving of things like food, honey, milk or incense) the temples of the gods, divination (augury), festivals with games, purifications, prayers, songs, dances, feasts, ceremonies for the dead at the cemeteries, family rituals at home, exorcism, and many more.
The Mayan religion was polytheistic with a strong emphasis on nature and astronomy, while the Roman religion was polytheistic with a focus on state rituals and the worship of gods associated with various aspects of life. Mayans believed in an underworld called Xibalba, whereas Romans focused on the concept of an afterlife in the Underworld ruled by Pluto. Additionally, Mayans practiced bloodletting rituals and human sacrifice, while Romans mainly offered sacrifices of animals and sometimes prisoners of war to their gods.
The prevailing belief among the Romans in regard to the gods was that the gods favored Rome and they would continue to favor Rome as long as the Romans respected and worshiped them with the proper sacrifices and rituals. This attitude toward the gods was not only for the state gods, but it trickled down into the attitudes towards the family gods and even an individual's personal god.
The division between pagan Romans and Christian Romans during the time of the Roman Empire lead to many Christian Roman's executions. Tried for cannibalism, not worshipping the emperor, practicing secret rituals, not worshipping Roman gods, and not sacrificing to the Roman gods, thousands of Christians were burned at the stake, eaten by lions, or killed in public executions by various means.
The Romans celebrated Quirnalia on February 17th. This festival was dedicated to Quirinus, an early Roman god associated with the state and the Roman people. Quirnalia involved various rituals and offerings to honor the deity, reflecting the importance of religion in Roman public life and the veneration of their gods.