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During the Christian persecutions of the fourth century, the Christian Church frequently appropriated pagan temples and built churches on the sites of the temples, often using marble, timbers and other valuable materials taken from the temples themselves.

Helen, mother of Emperor Constantine, built magnificent churches in Palestine on the sites of three former temples, claiming that one had been over the birthplace of Jesus, one had been over the site of the crucifixion and one had been over the sepulchre of Joseph of Arimathea. This was remarkable not only for the ability of Helen to identify the exact locations of these holy sites, but also because each of them coincided with an important pagan temple that had to be removed.

The first St Peter's in Rome was built on a pagan holy site, using marble columns brought from many pagan temples, including six imported by Constantine from Greece.

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