Yes, very often children in schools are taught to remember it and say it by heart. I heard of a Rabbi who asked his 11 year old son if he knew the 'Tanya' by heart, the child said yes. In return the Rabbi said ok, I'll wake you up in the middle of the night and then you can recite it to me...
It depends on how the term is meant. "Torah Jews" can mean more than one thing. If the definition is: Those who live the laws of the Torah (which is the way the phrase "Torah Jews" is usually used), then it is understandably common to reserve that description for observant Jews. It is indeed customary today to call observant Jews "Torah Jews"; so the answer to the question is Yes. The word "Orthodox" is seen by many Torah Jews to be an exonym, i.e. a term applied to them by non-Orthodox, whereas they prefer the term "Torah Jews". If the definition is: Who is Jewish according to the Torah, then Torah Jews would include non-observant Jews, because they don't cease being Jewish. All Jews, regardless of levels of observance are "Torah Jews" since their Jewishness is derived from the Torah's mandates.
They are Jews who keep the Torah.
Orthodox Jews or Torah Jews.
Yes
To honor the Torah and glorify it.
Torah
The Torah.
Orthodox Jews abide by the commands of the Torah and the Oral Torah (Talmud).
No, Torah-observant Jews do not.
The Torah is written ... and read from ... in Hebrew.
The Jews received the Torah from God written in Hebrew, and significant numbers still read and study Torah in the original Hebrew to this day.
Jews