Orthodox Jews abide by the commands of the Torah and the Oral Torah (Talmud).
"Progressive" implies change. Orthodox Jews are those who believe in God and the Torah, and keep the commands of the Torah (Sabbath, Kashruth, etc.).
Hasidim are a portion of Orthodox Jews. They follow Judaism on a strictly Orthodox level.
Orthodox Jews follow strict tradition and Jewish law, whereas the Conservative movement has relaxed some of the observances.
Hasidic Jews are a subcategory of Orthodox Jews. The majority of Hassidim wear long coats, while most other Orthodox Jews wear regular suits. On Sabbath and festivals, Hassidim wear a fur hat called a streimel, while other Orthodox Jews wear hats more similar to standard styles.
No.
Yes, non-Orthodox Jews can become Orthodox by becoming more observant. Non-Jews can become Orthodox Jews through Orthodox conversion.
Orthodox Jews are strictly observant. Hassidic Jews are even more strict.
Orthodox and Ultra-Orthodox Jews are strict followers of Jewish law.
orthodox Jews are traditional and reform Jews have mordenised their traditional ways
The Orthodox Jews continue traditional Jewish beliefs and ways of life. They believe that God revealed the laws of the Torah and the Talmud directly to Moses on Mount Sinai. They strictly observe all traditional Jewish laws, including the dietary rules and the laws for keeping the Sabbath. Orthodox Jews pray three times a day daily. The men wear hats or skullcaps at all times as a sign of respect to God. Messianic Jews are Christians with the majority having no Jewish heritage whatsoever. They adopt some Jewish practices but apply Christian beliefs to them.
Unfortunately, in Israel, only Orthodox Jews get all the special privileges.
They are Jews who keep the Torah.