A bullet that has left the barrel has marks left from its travel down the barrel.
When a bullet is pushed through a rifled barrel, the rifling (lines cut into the inside of the barrel in a spiral) makes scratch marks on the bullet. No two guns make the exact same scratches. It is possible to examine the scratch marks, on two bullets and see if they could have been fired from the same gun. This uses a device called a comparison microscope.
Striation marks
Leonard Marks invented the barrel of monkeys and sold it to Lakeside toys.
When a bullet is fired through a rifled barrel, the lands and grooves of the rifling make marks on the bullet. These marks are called striations, and can be used to match a bullet to the gun that fired it. That DOES include .22 caliber bullets. However, .22LR ammo has a soft lead bullet- if it strikes a hard surface, it may be so badly damaged that the striations are obliterated.
Bullets :)
If you call S&W they will tell you. Value range from 50-300 USD
bullets
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barrel/receiver
MOST BARRELS WILL HAVE PROOF MARKS TO VALIDATE THEIR STRENGHT, THESE VARY BY COUNTRY AND AGE. THERE ARE BOOKS TO ID THESE MARKS, BUT THERE ARE HUNDREDS.
An air RIFLE that shoots pellets through a rifled barrel will leave identifying marks on a fired pellet. A smoothbore air GUN that shoots BBs usually will not.
Bullets