yes
No, not all. Remember some arthropods are aquatic; the spiracle/trachea/tracheole system utilized by terrestrial insects is largely replaced by gills in marine arthropods.
Aquatic arthropods typically exchange gases through gills. Gills are structures that are rich in blood vessels and provide a large surface area for gas exchange to occur, allowing the arthropods to extract oxygen from the water and release carbon dioxide.
Arthropods adapted to an aquatic environment that need to extract oxygen from water will have gills, for instance most (but not all) crustaceans, like crabs and lobsters. Crabs can come on land so long as their gills are kept moist; those that do usually seek out damp habitats.
Not all arthropods use spiracles to obtain oxygen, but many do. Spiracles are openings on the exoskeleton that lead to a network of tracheae, allowing gas exchange. Aquatic arthropods, such as many crustaceans, typically use gills instead of spiracles for respiration. Therefore, while spiracles are common in terrestrial arthropods, they are not universal among all arthropods.
Gills and a well developed nervous system
Aquatic arthropods mostly exchange gases through (c) gills; some (like the horseshoe crabs) have book gills. The "book lungs" term usually applies to most arachnids like scorpions and spiders, which are terrestrial; most other terrestrial arthropods exchange gases through special holes in their segments called spiracles, attached to the tracheal tubules/tracheola which connect directly to the tissues.
Terrestrial arthropods excrete metabolic wastes in the form of uric acid, which is solid and fairly dry. Aquatic arthropods excrete ammonia through gills or other membranes.
They express the characteristics inherent to arthropods. All insects are arthropods. Not all arthropods are insects.
The larvae form of amphibians live in water and have gills. When they grow into their adult form they develop lungs. There are three orders of amphibians, Urodela, Anura and Apoda. Some Urodela (e.g Axolotls) retain their gills as adults, other orders do not.
They express the characteristics inherent to arthropods. All insects are arthropods. Not all arthropods are insects.
Yes, all arthropods have brains.
Arthropods breathe primarily through three methods: tracheae, gills, and book lungs. Terrestrial arthropods, like insects, utilize a network of tracheae that deliver oxygen directly to tissues through small openings called spiracles. Aquatic arthropods, such as crustaceans, typically use gills to extract oxygen from water, while some arachnids, like spiders, possess book lungs that facilitate gas exchange through thin, stacked layers of tissue.