Yes. The gun powder is contained in the shot shell.
They are called "Air Guns" because they require compressed Air or C02 to fire them. Otherwise they would be called "Firearms". A Firearm doesn't require Air or C02, they just need gunpowder. Even a single stroke "Springer" or "Nitro piston" air gun/rifle require that they be cocked once. But these are not "Bolt Action," these are break barrel in design. So to answer your question: No, there are no "Bolt Action" air guns that "don't" use compressed air or C02 to fire them. However there are several non bolt action models that only need to be cocked once for each shot.
Yes
Yes, Black powder guns are extremley dangerous a licence is definitely needed
You simply need to be 18 or older, be able to pass an NICS background check, have valid identification, and be a resident of Florida or a state which a Florida gun shop can sell a firearm to.
looking for parts
You need a gunsmith.
No.
You need the services of a gunsmith.
You probably need to replace the bolt o-rings.
Need the maker of the shotgun
It depends on what you mean. In most U.S. states you do not need a permit to own regular handguns, shotguns, rifles, or black powder guns. In fact, you actually don't need a permit to own any firearms, but some firearms (such as machine guns and short barrel guns) require registration.
alot, first u need powder, then u need guns, germs, and steel, then if u read a book and eat a waffle, u can do this crap yourself :)