Yes
Enterocytes.
Yes
reabsorption of molecules during production of urine.
microvilli stereocilia cilia
These are called microvilli which means shaggy hair. They are tiny hairlike folds in the plasma membrane that extend from the surface of some cells. They are be seen as a "brush border" with a light microscope.
location of simple columnar epithelial cells1. it lines the internal surfaces ofstomachintestinegall bladderuterus2. in many locations in the body, the cells of simple columnar epithelium show modifications on their apical surface which includesmicrovillistereociliakinociliaIn the squamous layers of the epithelial tissues, for example the epidermis of the skin.
apical surface
YES
I'm assuming that the filtrate refered to is that of Bowman's capsule in the kidney. If so then ... The cuboidal cells of the proximal convoluted tubule have long microvilli (brush border) on their apical (inside) surface that dramatically increase the surface area for reabsorption from the filtrate.
Epithelial tissue lines body surfaces and cavities as have apical and basement sides.
transitional
Yes... In the small intestine, the brush borders of the intestinal lining are the site of terminal carbohydrate digestions. The microvilli that constitute the brush border have enzymes for this final part of digestion anchored into their apical plasma membrane as integral membrane proteins. These enzymes are found near to the transporters that will then allow absorption of the digested nutrients.