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not regularly
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∙ 12y agoNo
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Do you have to make dividend payments to your shareholders?
Dividend payments are certainly not guaranteed as we saw in 2009, when hundreds of companies reduced and even eliminated their dividends to investors. Dividends come from net income of a company less any retained earnings and reinvested capital. Since investors seek stable and growing dividends, companies are often reluctant to make frequent changes in the dividend payout policy if the underlying business cannot support such a change throughout a variety of economic conditions.
If one person buys 70000 shares of JPMorgan stock and held it for 3 months how much money would you get as a dividend?
A dividend is portion of a company's earnings that is returned to a shareholders. So that depends on the amount the company makes. Dividend is not set in stone and it can change every quarter depending on it's balance earning. Bhavdip Bhayani
Can you spend euros in Romania?
It is very easy to change euros; and many unofficial payments are possible directly with euros.
What are the 3 major theory of dividend policy?
Residual Theory of dividend policyThe essence of the residual theory of dividend policy is that the firm will only pay dividends from residual earnings, that is, from earnings left over after all suitable (positive NPV) investment opportunities have been financed. Retained earnings are the most important source for financing for most companies. A residual approach to the dividend policy, as the first claim on retained earnings will be the financing of the investment projects. With the residual dividend policy, the primary focus of the firm's management is indeed on investment, not dividends. Dividend policy becomes irrelevant, it is treated as a passive rather than an active, decision variables. The view of management in this case is that the value of firm and the wealth of its shareholders will be maximized by investing the earnings in the appropriate investment projects, rather than paying them out as dividends to shareholders. Thus managers will actively seek out, and invest the firm's earnings in, all acceptable (in terms of risk and return) investment projects, which are expected to increase the value of the firm. Dividends will only be paid when retained earnings exceed the funds required to finance the suitable investment projects. Conversely when the total investment funds required exceed retained earnings, no dividend will be paid.Motive for a residual policyThe motives for a residual policy, or high retentions, dividend policy commonly include:A high retention policy reduces the need to raise fresh capital, (debt or equity), thus saving on associated issues and floatation costs.A fresh equity issue may dilute existing ownership control. This may be avoided, if retentions are consistently high.A high retention policy may enable a company to finance a more rapid and higher rate of growth.When the effective rate of tax on dividend income is higher than the tax on capital gains, some shareholders, because of their personal tax positions, may prefer a high retention/low payout policyDividend Irrelevancy TheoryDividend irrelevancy theory asserts that a firm's dividend policy has no effect on its market value or its cost of capital. The theory of dividend irrelevancy was perhaps most elegantly argued by its chief proponents, Modigliani and Miller (usually referred to as M&M) in their seminar paper in 1961. They argued that dividend policy is a "passive residual" which is determined by a firm's need for investment funds.According to M&M's irrelevancy theory, if therefore does not matter how a firm divides its earnings between dividend payments to shareholders and internal retentions. In the M&M view the dividend decision is one over which managers need not agonies, trying to find the optimal dividend policy, because an optimal dividend policy does not exist. M&M built their dividend irrelevancy theory on a range of key assumptions, similar to those on which they based their theory of capital structure irrelevancy. For example they assumed:Perfect Capital markets, that is there are no taxes, (corporate or personal), no transaction costs on securities, investors are rational, information is symmetrical - all investors have access to the same information and share the same expectations about the firm's future as its managers.The firm's investment policy is fixed and is independent of its dividend policy.The Bird-In-The-Hand TheoryThe essence of the bird-in-the-hand theory of dividend policy (advanced by John Litner in 1962 and Myron Gordon in 1963) is that shareholders are risk-averse and prefer to receive dividend payments rather than future capital gains. Shareholders consider dividend payments to be more certain that future capital gains - thus a "bird in the hand is worth more than two in the bush".Gorden contended that the payment of current dividends "resolves investor uncertainty". Investors have a preference for a certain level of income now rather that the prospect of a higher, but less certain, income at some time in the future.The key implication, as argued by Litner and Gordon, is that because of the less risky nature dividends, shareholders and investors will discount the firm's dividend stream at a lower rate of return, "r", thus increasing the value of the firm's shares.According to the constant growth dividend valuation (or Gordon's growth) model, the value of an ordinary share, SV0 is given by:SV0 = D1/(r-g)Where the constant dividend growth rate is denoted by g, r is the investor's required rate of return, and D1, represents the next dividend payments. Thus the lower r is in relation to the value of the dividend payment D1, the greater the share's value. In the investor's view, according to Linter and Gordon, r, the return from the dividend, is less risky than the future growth rate g.M&M argued against this and referred to it as the bird-in-the-hand fallacy. In their irrelevancy model, M&M assume that the required rate of return or cost or capital, r, is independent of dividend policy. They maintain that a firm's risk (which influences the investor's required rate of return, r) is a function of its investment and financing decisions, not its dividend policy.M&M contend that investors are indifferent between dividends and capital gains - that is, they are indifferent between r and g is the dividend valuation model. The reason for this indifference, according to M&M, is that shareholders simply reinvest their dividends in share of the same or similar risk companies.Dividend Signaling TheoryIn practice, change in a firm's dividend policy can be observed to have an effect on its share price - an increase in dividend producing an increasing in share price and a reduction in dividends producing a decrease in share price. This pattern led many observers to conclude, contrary to M&M's model, that shareholders do indeed prefer dividends to future capital gains. Needless to say M&M disagreed.The change in dividend payment is to be interpreted as a signal to shareholders and investors about the future earnings prospects of the firm. Generally a rise in dividend payment is viewed as a positive signal, conveying positive information about a firm's future earning prospects resulting in an increase in share price. Conversely a reduction in dividend payment is viewed as negative signal about future earnings prospects, resulting in a decrease in share price.DIVIDEND AS A RESIDUALThere is school of thought which regards dividends as a residual payment. They believe that the dividend pay-out is a function of its financing decision. The investment opportunities should be financed by retained earnings. Thus internal accrual forms the first line of financing growth and investment. If any surplus balance is left after meeting the financing needs, such amount may be distributed to the shareholders in the form of dividends. Thus, dividend policy is in the nature of passive residual. In case the firm has no investment opportunities during a particular time period, the dividend pay-out should be 100%.A firm may smooth out the fluctuations in the payment of dividends over a period of time. The firm can establish dividend payments at a level at which the cumulative distribution over a period of time corresponds to cumulative residual funds over the same period. This policy smoothens out the fluctuations of dividend pay-out due to fluctuations in investment opportunities.
What is the journal entry for stock dividend received?
Stock dividends - These are dividends paid in the form of additional stock of the issuing company to shareholders of record in proportion to their current holdings. A stock dividend does not increase the wealth of the recipient nor does it reduce the net assets of the firm. It is a permanent capitalization of retained earnings to contributed capital. As there is no change in the amount of the stock that;s why stock dividend does not require any entry to be recorded rather it is shown as note.
When was Spare change payments created?
Spare change payments was created in 2007.
How do you calculate retained earnings for balance sheet?
Retained Earning is the profit bring in the share capital. Example Company XYZ is running since last 3 years they have not declare any dividend since last two years so in the year 2008 the profit of Rs. 100000 bring in share capital as a retained earning. In the year 2009 again profit of Rs. 150000 bring in share capital as retained earning so (100000 of year 2008 +150000 of year 2009 =250000 in the year 2009). now company declared dividend in the of Rs. 100000 in the year 2010 and generate profit of Rs. 200000 so in the year 2010 the retained earning is ( 100000 of 2008 + 150000 of 2009+200000 of 2010 - 100000 dividend= 350000)
What most accurately describes the change in average weekly earnings since 1980?
The change in average weekly earnings since 1980 is most accurately described by the inflation adjustments.
What will happen when you divide by a fraction?
If the dividend (the number being divided into) is zero, then there is no change in value as the result is also zero; Otherwise:if the fraction is a proper fraction (the numerator is less than the denominator) then the (absolute) value of the dividend will increase; otherwiseif the fraction is an identity (the numerator equals the denominator) then the value of the dividend will not change; otherwisethe fraction is an improper fraction (the numerator is greater than the denominator) and the (absolute) value of the dividend will decrease.
Can a promissory note be cancelled verbally?
No. Any change must be executed in writing. The debtor should always make payments so as to have proof of their payments such as cancelled checks.No. Any change must be executed in writing. The debtor should always make payments so as to have proof of their payments such as cancelled checks.No. Any change must be executed in writing. The debtor should always make payments so as to have proof of their payments such as cancelled checks.No. Any change must be executed in writing. The debtor should always make payments so as to have proof of their payments such as cancelled checks.
When dividend fractions it is hopeful to change a mixed number?
It is not clear why a dividend which is a fraction should result in a mixed number of any kind. In any case, being hopeful will not help you to get an answer.
What is the hardest thing to change on a vehicle?
the payments
