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A solute is something which is dissolved within a solvent. For example, in the process of salt dissolving in water, salt is the solute and water is the solvent. A solute can also be a liquid dissolved in another liquid. If one has nearly equal quantities of two substances mixed in each other, the substance with a slightly larger quantity is the solvent.

Most double replacement reactions are precipitation reactions, which generally do need to take place in water or another solvent.

e.g.

Ba(NO3)2 (aq) + CuSO4 (aq) -> BaSO4 (s) + Cu(NO3)2 (aq)

Barium sulfate (BaSO4) is the precipitate in the double replacement reaction. This reaction occurs in water because without the strong dipole of the water molecule the Barium and Nitrate ions/ Copper and Sulfate ions would not be able to break their chemical bonds and form a precipitate. Therefore, generally, a solvent is necessary in a double replacement reaction to separate the ions of the reactants.

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