Interest rates are simply the price of money. When inflation declines, interest rates typically decline also.
inflation
Intuition suggests that business activity increases the demand for money, which drives up the "price" (interest rates) of money. It also suggests that lenders will charge more interest in order to cover the losses they experience from inflation (see the Fisher Equation) Along with that, we also experience an increase in inflation. This may not be your question, though, so keep reading. During economic downturns, the Fed lowers interest rates. This causes inflation to rise, because it puts more money in the hands of consumers. When inflation gets too high, the Fed wants to raise interest rates. The previous two paragraphs refer to different "interest rates". The first is about banks lending to consumers, the second is about Fed policy. Please be wary of the difference.
Expansionary fiscal policy or running the printing presses usually causes inflation. Sometimes it causes hyperinflation. It caused both the inflation and interest rate to rise to 20% under the Carter administration.
Inflation is the rise in the price level of a specific economy. Unanticipated inflation hurts savers and creditors. It declines the value of money. $1000 today may only be worth $500 dollars tomorrow if inflation is occurring at 100%.
yes they do rise during deflation
inflation
Intuition suggests that business activity increases the demand for money, which drives up the "price" (interest rates) of money. It also suggests that lenders will charge more interest in order to cover the losses they experience from inflation (see the Fisher Equation) Along with that, we also experience an increase in inflation. This may not be your question, though, so keep reading. During economic downturns, the Fed lowers interest rates. This causes inflation to rise, because it puts more money in the hands of consumers. When inflation gets too high, the Fed wants to raise interest rates. The previous two paragraphs refer to different "interest rates". The first is about banks lending to consumers, the second is about Fed policy. Please be wary of the difference.
Expansionary fiscal policy or running the printing presses usually causes inflation. Sometimes it causes hyperinflation. It caused both the inflation and interest rate to rise to 20% under the Carter administration.
It cause interest rates to rise.
Inflation is the rise in the price level of a specific economy. Unanticipated inflation hurts savers and creditors. It declines the value of money. $1000 today may only be worth $500 dollars tomorrow if inflation is occurring at 100%.
yes they do rise during deflation
A bond
When interest rates rise, bonds lose value; when interest rates fall, bonds become more attractive.
Real interest rates influence the level of household consumption in a country. Consumption of durable goods is interest sensitive, since households will sometimes finance the purchase of "big ticket items" such as automobiles, household appliances, computers, televisions, and other goods through borrowing. Households will respond to higher real interest rates by decreasing their consumption of these non-essential items since it becomes more costly to borrow when interest rates rise.Real interest rates are determined by taking the nominal interest rate, which is the actual percentage charged by banks for a loan, and subtracting the rate of inflation. For instance, a nominal interest rate of 5% in a situation where unanticipated inflation is 2% equates to a real interest rate of 3%. Households consider the real rate of interest when deciding to purchase durable goods requiring financing.If inflation is anticipated, banks will charge higher nominal interest rates to borrowers and therefore anticipated inflation has little or no effect on the real interest rate and consumption. Nominal interest rates rise with anticipated inflation as banks must charge higher rates to maintain their profits, since inflation erodes the value of money and a borrower would be paying back money worth less than the money he borrowed if nominal rates were not increased. However, if there is unanticipated inflation, or inflation greater than the rate anticipated by banks and incorporated into the rate charged to borrowers, then this will reduce the real interest rate and induce households to spend on durable goods, since the opportunity cost of holding money (the inflation rate) increases while the opportunity cost of spending money (the nominal interest rate) remains the same.During periods of unanticipated inflation, the real interest rate falls and households are more likely to consume more at every level of disposable income. If there is unanticipated deflation (a decrease in the price level), then the real interest rate rises, and since households would now have to pay back their lending banks with money worth more than that borrowed, the incentive is to save more and decrease consumption. A rise in real interest rates caused by a decrease in the price level results in less consumption at each level of disposable income.
Yes, a sharp rise in interest rates can be a disaster because many people will be affected. People with adjustable mortgages will see their rates increase tremendously.
TIPs
The price is inversely related to yields (interest rates). This means as rates rise, prices fall.