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The term "rifle" means that the inside of the barrel (also called the bore) has spiral lines engraved in it. These spiral grooves are known as rifling- they cause the bullet to spin when fired, causing it to travel straight. If a firearm has no rifling, then it is a smoothbore- and may be called a musket or a shotgun.

So- some muzzle loading firearms- such as the Brown Bess Musket from the 1700s- ARE smoothbore- but they are not rifles. A muzzle loader like the .50 Hawken I hunt with IS rifled, and not a smoothbore.

There is a neat little article on this at the link below:

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