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What is the cycle map on how prions replicate?
Prions replicate by converting normal cellular proteins into misfolded prion proteins. The misfolded proteins then template the conversion of more normal proteins into prions. This cycle results in the accumulation of prions in the brain, leading to neurodegeneration.
What are 2 non-living pathogens?
Viruses and prions are examples of non-living pathogens. Viruses require host cells to replicate, while prions are misfolded proteins that can cause disease by inducing other proteins to misfold.
How could prions multiply without nucleic acids?
Prions multiply by a process which is, at present, not fully understood. The protein PrPr is present in healthy cells of all mammals, in the brain and central nervous system. It is only when the gene that creates PrPr undergoes mutation that it begins to produce a harmful strain of PrPr, the prion. Prions replicate by causing the surrounding healthy proteins to fold abronmally, turning them into prions. These newly-formed prions in turn cause other proteins to fold abnormally. This process creates vacuoles in the cells of the brain, resulting in diseases such as Creutzfeld-Jakob disease in humans, and Bovine Spongiform Enphysema in cows. Prions multiply by a process which is, at present, not fully understood. The protein PrPr is present in healthy cells of all mammals, in the brain and central nervous system. It is only when the gene that creates PrPr undergoes mutation that it begins to produce a harmful strain of PrPr, the prion. Prions replicate by causing the surrounding healthy proteins to fold abronmally, turning them into prions. These newly-formed prions in turn cause other proteins to fold abnormally. This process creates vacuoles in the cells of the brain, resulting in diseases such as Creutzfeld-Jakob disease in humans, and Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease)
What is acellular organism?
An acellular organism is one that lacks cells and is typically very simple in structure. These organisms, such as viruses and prions, do not have the typical organelles and structures found in cells. They also rely on host cells to replicate and carry out their biological functions.
Describe how can viruses and prions can alter cell function?
Viruses can alter cell function by entering host cells and using their machinery to replicate and produce more virus particles. Prions, on the other hand, are misfolded proteins that can induce normal proteins in the cell to also misfold and accumulate, disrupting normal cellular function. Both viruses and prions can cause damage to cells, leading to various diseases and health problems.
How prion multiply in host cell?
Prions do not multiply in host cells in the same way that viruses or bacteria do. Instead, prions replicate by inducing misfolding of normal proteins in the host, leading to a cascade of misfolded proteins that can aggregate into plaques. This abnormal protein folding and aggregation can damage nerve cells and lead to neurodegenerative diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Are prions capable of reproducing outside of a host cell?
No, prions are not capable of reproducing on their own outside of a host cell. They are abnormal proteins that can cause other proteins to misfold, leading to disease. Prions replicate by inducing the misfolding of normal cellular proteins.
How does the cell replicate DNA?
Cells do not replicate "In DNA". Cells replicate their DNA during the process of cell division.
What type of cells do not typically replicate?
Most nerve cells do not typically replicate.
Which best describes how common cold spread in the human body?
viruses replicate inside respiratory cells.
Why do chromosomes replicate?
They replicate to form two identical daughter cells.
How are prion and viroid alike?
Prions and viroids are both infectious agents that lack typical genetic material like DNA or RNA. Prions are composed of misfolded proteins that can cause other proteins to misfold, leading to diseases like Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Viroids are small, circular RNA molecules that can replicate themselves within host cells and cause diseases in plants.
