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Conservation of energy shows that any system can only deliver as much energy as is put in.

In reality, all systems are less than 100% efficient, so any practical system will waste some (or much) of its input energy.

But a pulley system can *multiply* force.

Take a setup with a one-sheaf (wheel) pulley at one end, and a one-sheaf pulley at the other. Correctly strung, you will find that pulling two feet of rope will lift a load only one foot.

If it were perfectly frictionless, you could draw on the rope with a 50-pound pull and lift a 100-pound load.

It may seem that you've done magic with the rope - it's lifting 100 pounds, so how strong must it be? The answer is that there are two sections of rope supporting the load between the sheaves, so each section only bears (100/2) = 50 pounds.

This is why you'll often see cranes with multiple-sheaf pulleys - the winding gear must wind *a lot* of steel rope to life or lower the load, but the rope can be much thinner than if a single rope was used.

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IMA for pulleys is the resistance force divided by the effort force.


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There are a variety of different designs for pulleys, depending upon what you need to do with them. A pulley can be used to change the direction of a force without changing the amount of force that you apply, but there are also pulleys that do reduce the amount of force you have to use to lift something.


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