yes. God promised Abraham, the father of Israel, that the land was his. Therefore, since God promised Abraham that his seed would inherit, Jews believe that Israel is theirs based on God's promise. Either they inherit, or God is a liar, take your choice. The land grant was never recinded.
they had part of palestine.
There is, at present, no such place. Israel is surrounded by enemy nations; and Jews outside of Israel (also) are often the victims of anti-Semitic attacks.
Because God gave it to us (Genesis 26:1-5).
For the same reason that they wrote the mishna. People were forgetting the oral tradition so it had to be written down, now with more detail than the mishna. Also some Jews were living in Babylonia and some in Israel, the Jews in Babylonia would be teaching differently than the Jews in Israel. Therefore, they wrote the Gemara so that all Jews would have the same "guidelines"
Their view derived from the historic Jewish principle that Jews should not establish a government in the Land of Israel until the Messiah returns (see Talmud, Ketubot 111a). Most Orthodox communities have relaxed this principle and generally support Israel, not necessarily as a Jewish State but as a State with a lot of Jews.
Israel is very, very small. It is about the size of New Jersey. But even though the Jews have one of the smallest countries in the world, we feel extremely lucky to have it and will do whatever we can to protect it. Tiny but Proud. Mazel Tov(:
Which war
She goes to her fate with pride.
Orthodox Jews are taught to do everything "by the book" and believe ALL Jews should do the same.
Many Jews surround their life with Torah. Some study its beautiful words all day. For the non-observent Jews, there is a large range. For some of the non-observant, the Torah refines theirspeech and their acts. Some feel a strong connection to Judaism or to Israel.
nothing
They drank cups of tea to make themselves feel better.