Do the amount of macronutrients and micronutrients in plants will change?

Answer 1

Yes. The amounts of macro- and micro-nutrients in fruits and vegetables general increase as the foods ripen, then decrease once the food is harvested and stored. But there are exceptions to this general rule. Some foods, such as bananas, continue to ripen after harvesting, so their nutrients would increase until they reach peek ripeness. A very recent study has found that greens (lettuce, spinach, etc.) continue to produce photosynthesis under grocery store lights, so their nutrients also increase as long as they are exposed to light. Some other dense fruits and vegetables, such as carrots, have nutrients that cannot be fully absorbed when raw, and need to be cooked for their full nutritional value to be absorbed.

After a point, fruits and vegetables begin to wilt or spoil, and lose nutrients in the process of transportation and storage. Sweet corn is a good example of this, with sugars that quickly turn to starch after harvesting.