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Surface currents
yes
black sea
black sea
true
The Gulf Stream.
uneven insolation
Western coasts of continents are usually colder because of the cold ocean currents that flow along them. These currents bring colder water from higher latitudes, lowering the overall temperature of the coastal areas. Additionally, the prevailing winds blowing from the west carry cool, moist air from the ocean, further contributing to the cooler temperatures along western coasts.
Wind and water. Air currents (wind) carry heat poleward. This is mainly heat transfer by convection. Water currents carry heat poleward. This is heat transfer by convection and conduction.
The boundary between Europe and Western Russia is the westernmost boundary of Russia, bordering countries such as Finland, Poland, and Belarus. If you meant what is the boundary between European Russia (Western Russia) and Asian Russia (Eastern Russia), it is the Ural Mountains.
Because the Gulf Stream and the North Atlantic Drift, two warm water currents, bring warm water to Western Europe.