No, you do not. Elena Kagan was recently nominated and confirmed by the senate without prior experience as a Judge. William Rehnquist also had no prior judicial experience.
No, you do not have to be a judge to be nominated as a Supreme Court justice. While many nominees have a background in the judiciary, such as serving as a federal judge or a judge at the state level, it is not a requirement. Presidents have also nominated individuals with backgrounds in politics, academia, or private practice for the position. Ultimately, the president has the authority to nominate individuals who they believe are qualified for the role.
President George HW Bush nominated Justice Clarence Thomas to the US Supreme Court in 1991.
Barack Obama nominated Sonia Sotomayor as associate justice of the Supreme Court in 2009.
President Ronald Reagan nominated senior Justice Antonin Scalia to the US Supreme Court in 1986. Justice Scalia will have served 25 years on September 26, 2011.
President Ford nominated Justice John Paul Stevens to the US Supreme Court in 1975. Justice Stevens retired in June 2009 and was succeeded by Justice Sotomayor.
The senate
Jimmy Carter was the only full-term president who did not have the opportunity to appoint a supreme court justice.
President John Adams nominated Chief Justice John Marshall to the US Supreme Court in February 1801. He presided over the Court until his death in 1835.
There are no explicit requirements in the U.S. Constitution for a person to be nominated to become a Supreme Court justice. No age, education, job experience, or citizenship rules exist. In fact, according to the Constitution, a Supreme Court justice does not need to even have a law degree.
Sonia Sotomeyer is the most recent supreme court justice nominated by the president and confirmed by congress.
He (or she) is nominated by the President of the United States and confirmed by a simple majority (51%) vote of the Senate. All Supreme Court Justices are nominated by the president; no person becomes a Supreme Court Justice without a presidential nomination. Nominees are then voted on by the Senate. If the Senate rejects a nominee, which does happen, then the president chooses another nominee. If the President selects an Associate Justice to become Chief Justice, he or she is said to be "elevated," rather than appointed. The Chief Justice remains Chief Justice until resignation (or death), and the person nominated by the president to take the vacant seat becomes the Chief Justice.
The President. George Washington, nominated and the Senate confirmed John Jay, first Chief Justice.
President Clinton nominated both Justice Ginsberg and Justice Breyer to the US Supreme Court. Justice Ginsberg joined the Court in 1993, Justice Breyer in 1994. Both justices are still active.