Yes. It should be Professor Smith.
Yes, "Professor" should be capitalized when it is used before a person's name as a title. For example: Professor Smith.
You capitalize a title of a position when it directly precedes a person's name, but not when it stands alone or follows the name. For example, in "Professor Smith," "Professor" is capitalized because it comes before the name. But in "The professor spoke," it is lowercase because it is not directly before the name.
Yes, President is a title just like professor. Its acceptable to not capitalize these words when they are not describing someone. EX: the history professor is really difficult. But when it is not a noun, and is however, a pronoun you should capitalize it. With the exception of President and Doctor. These should for the most part always capitalized.
No, you do not need to capitalize "watch commander" if it is being used generically or without a specific name. Only capitalize it if it is part of a title or used as a specific name.
It is common to capitalize the word "Sunday" when referring to the day of the week, as it is the name of a specific day. However, in some cases and contexts (such as informal writing), it may not be necessary to capitalize it.
You should capitalize island when it is a part of a proper name. For example: Long Island, Gillian's Island.
You capitalize a title of a position when it directly precedes a person's name, but not when it stands alone or follows the name. For example, in "Professor Smith," "Professor" is capitalized because it comes before the name. But in "The professor spoke," it is lowercase because it is not directly before the name.
yes
Simple answer? Yes.
Only if you're addressing him. Like, "Professor Smith, I have a problem." Or... "My instructor, Professor Smith, helped me with a problem." Not if it was like, "My professor helped my with a problem."
The word English is always capitalize but not the word class. It should be English class.
You should capitalize it if it is a brand name.
When it is the name of a particular country, you capitalize it.
Yes. 'Sun' is its name and you capitalize it just as you capitalize anyone's name.
If its a name.
You capitalize Apollo because it is a name.
No, but you capitalize the name of a biome.
Yes, President is a title just like professor. Its acceptable to not capitalize these words when they are not describing someone. EX: the history professor is really difficult. But when it is not a noun, and is however, a pronoun you should capitalize it. With the exception of President and Doctor. These should for the most part always capitalized.