You need that in EVERY state.
You must have a current DOT medical card to maintain an active CDL in EVERY state. That is a federal law.
If you have a CDL, you're required to have a current and valid medical card, period.
Generally, you need an additional form of ID, a copy of your automotive insurance card, DOT medical card (this only applies to CDL holders), and proof of residence (e.g., a phone or utilities bill).
No, you do not.
You will not have your CDL revoked, but the moment your medical card expires, you're prohibited from operating a CMV (or any commercial vehicle with a GVWR of more than 10,000 lbs., for that matter) until you get a new medical card. Additionally, you won't be able to renew your CDL without a valid and current medical card.
Yes
Yes. Always.
Yes. To have an active CDL, you need a current DOT physical, always.
Yes. If your DOT expires, then the first thing which happens is your CDL is downgraded, and you can no longer operate a vehicle requiring a CDL. From that point, you have a certain time limit to a: get an 'exempt' self-declaration classification (which allows you to circumvent downgrading your CDL, but does not permit you to operate a CMV requiring a CDL) b: downgrade your CDL, or C; renew your DOT medical card and register it with your state's DMV or equivalent. If none of these are done within the alloted time period (typically, 30 days from notice being sent), then your license will be completely suspended until the situation is rectified.
You're required to have a current medical card on your person at all time when you're driving a vehicle which requires a CDL. In any state. That's federal law.
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What type of permit? A CDL permit is, yes. A regular learner's permit is not. As with a full CDL, you're required to maintain a current DOT medical card with a CDL permit.