If you are sailing within the US, no.
No
do I need a passport to travel from south wales UK to jersey
Not unless you need a passport to visit Weymouth.
No.
If you have a French Passport, you might require a US visa to travel to Jersey.
No.
A passport is not needed for travel between the United Kingdom and the Channel Islands, although as is normal these days, some form of identity will be required when checking in at an airport and may be required at a ferry port.
No
No.
jersey as in new jersey or as in england? yes you need passport for both.
Chicago, no Shaker Heights, yes
Obviously you need a passport.. No you don't. Picture ID is all that is required.