No
Yes you do.
Yes, a visa is required.
Yes
No, as long as you are a passport holder of England or USA, you can fly in between without a visa
Yes. Russian Federation is not under Schengen.
Yes
Azerbaijan does not need visa for Russia, Ukraine, Turkey, Iran, Georgia and so.on.
yes
Yes, and a passport. If you are leaving soon you need to get started soon. It took 30 days for my visa to Russia.
Anybody visiting Russia needs a visa. A Russian visa is not a rubber stamp, it is a separate document with your photo on it. Also, apply for one as far in advance as possible.
You will need a passport but you won't need a Visa if you stay on the ship. You will need a visa if you get to go on land in Russia. If you stick with the tour and don't go off on your own you may not need the Visa so check with that cruise line.