No, you do not need SQL*Server, Oracle, or any RDBMS with MS Visual C/C++. It is optional. You would only need it if you wanted to develop database aware software with ODBC, OLE, OCI, or any of the RDBMS protocols.
Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 was the 6th incarnation of Microsoft Visual C++ 32-bit, released in 1998. Other than supporting legacy Windows software there is no real need for it these days. It has been surpassed several times over by Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 with Microsoft Visual Studio 11 currently in beta as of April 2012.
Microsoft developed Visual C++.
Yes. Microsoft Visual C++ is the correct name, but it is often abbreviated to MSVC++ or just VC++. They are all the same.
If you use microsoft's "Visual C++ Compiler" whoever is going to use your program needs the redistributable installed.
Chuck Sphar has written: 'Learn Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 now' -- subject(s): C++ (Computer program language), Microsoft Visual C++ 'Learn Microsoft Visual C [plus plus] 6.0 now' -- subject(s): C
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Your question request a comparison between apples and pears. C++ is a programming language. Microsoft Visual C++ Express is one of many development tools that you can use to create programs using the C++ programming language. Microsoft Visual C++ Express supports native C++ development, and supports development in 'managed C++,' a Microsoft-specific derivative of the C++ language, aimed specifically at the .NET platform.
The term "expansion of MFC" is meaningless. Note that the Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC) library has nothing to do with C++. The MFC is a library designed by Microsoft for use in Microsoft Visual C++.
Microsoft Visual C++ or Embarcadero C++ Builder (formally Borland C++ Builder).
Yes, it can.
Yes, it is. Just make sure that you it though "Programs and Features" (Windows 7).
No, you don't need Microsoft Plus to use Windows Movie Maker. That is just extra effects and stuff Microsoft would like you to buy!