No, you do not need SQL*Server, Oracle, or any RDBMS with MS Visual C/C++. It is optional. You would only need it if you wanted to develop database aware software with ODBC, OLE, OCI, or any of the RDBMS protocols.
Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 was the 6th incarnation of Microsoft Visual C++ 32-bit, released in 1998. Other than supporting legacy Windows software there is no real need for it these days. It has been surpassed several times over by Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 with Microsoft Visual Studio 11 currently in beta as of April 2012.
Microsoft developed Visual C++.
Yes. Microsoft Visual C++ is the correct name, but it is often abbreviated to MSVC++ or just VC++. They are all the same.
If you use microsoft's "Visual C++ Compiler" whoever is going to use your program needs the redistributable installed.
Chuck Sphar has written: 'Learn Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 now' -- subject(s): C++ (Computer program language), Microsoft Visual C++ 'Learn Microsoft Visual C [plus plus] 6.0 now' -- subject(s): C
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Your question request a comparison between apples and pears. C++ is a programming language. Microsoft Visual C++ Express is one of many development tools that you can use to create programs using the C++ programming language. Microsoft Visual C++ Express supports native C++ development, and supports development in 'managed C++,' a Microsoft-specific derivative of the C++ language, aimed specifically at the .NET platform.
The term "expansion of MFC" is meaningless. Note that the Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC) library has nothing to do with C++. The MFC is a library designed by Microsoft for use in Microsoft Visual C++.
Microsoft Visual C++ or Embarcadero C++ Builder (formally Borland C++ Builder).
Yes, it is. Just make sure that you it though "Programs and Features" (Windows 7).
Yes, it can.
No, you don't need VC++. VC++ is often the language of choice when programming for Windows platforms (Microsoft use it in-house for all major software developements, including Windows itself), but it is not the only version of C++ capable of producing Windows programs and is by no means the cheapest. It also comes up short with regards C++ standards compliance.