No more than to any other part of the UK.
Of course. You will need a valid passport.
Due to concerns about kidnapping children you do have to have papers for the child as well for an overseas trip.
yes
yes you do im Irish
No.
You need photographic ID for ANY flight!
You will not require a passport to travel from Sunderland, England to Falkirk, Scotland.
Scotland is a country that is part of Britain, the United Kingdom (UK). You will need a UK visa to visit before departure.
this question doesn't make sense as Scotland is in the UK. If you mean "do you need a passport to travel between England and Scotland" then the answer is no. Unless you are flying, in which case you will need some form of photo ID such as a passport or driving license.
You need special legal papers.
No, as both are part of the United Kingdom.
Both are part of Britain so the answer is 'no'