yes
It depends on your nationality and where you are flying from
That will depend on things like your nationality. Some people would need one and may even need a visa and other people wouldn't. There is no single answer.
No
Chicago, no Shaker Heights, yes
You will need to show proof of there identity and they will need to take a photo.
Your age is immaterial. For security reasons, everyone needs to have acceptable photo ID before being allowed to get on a flight. A passport is the most acceptable form of ID.
Provisional License are good within the Continental US only. You would need an international liscense to fly from Jersey to Liverpool.
yes
No. But they will need appropriate identification if you wish to fly.
jersey as in new jersey or as in england? yes you need passport for both.
Obviously you need a passport.. No you don't. Picture ID is all that is required.
yes you culd!!
If you are a US Citizen, No passport needed. All Puerto Ricans are US Citizen.