No. XYZ materials are not considered to be cards on the field. They cannot be affected by destroy effects and thus no damage can be dealt.
geminis must be summoned a second time to get the effect while effect monsters only need one summon
no you would have to use the card to destroy it when it is summoned because its effect activates as soon as it hits the field
there is no such card with an effect like that. you could be referring to parasitic parasite, which is special summoned to their side of the field when they draw it and they take 1000 damage.
Trap Hole is not being 'chained to' the summon. Summons cannot be chained to. What is happening is that Prime Material Dragon is being successfully summoned (ie, not negated) then Trap Hole is being used in response. Because of that, it is perfectly fine for Prime Material Dragon to chain his effect to Trap Hole.
Yes, you can do this. When Divine Wrath resolves and tries to destroy Thought Ruler Archfiend, you can pay 500 LP and destroy Telekinetic Shocker's effect instead.
If this card attacks a defense position monster your opponent controls, destroy all defense position monsters your opponent controls after damage calculation. During your end phase, destroy all of your monsters that did not declare an attack this turn.
When you have a face-down Archfiend on the field, you do not pay life points for its effect because it is not yet revealed. The Archfiend's effect activates when it is face-up on the field, requiring you to pay life points during your Standby Phase. Until it is flipped face-up, its ability does not come into play.
No, it removes the summoned Synchro monster.
"The Rock Spirit" can only be Special Summoned from the Graveyard, if it was Special Summoned from the Hand via its effect first. In other words, if it was "improperly" sent to the Graveyard, such as by discarding from the Hand, it cannot be Special Summoned from the Graveyard. If it was successfully Special Summoned by its own effect onto the field and is then sent to the Graveyard, it is then elligible to be Special Summoned from the same Graveyard. However, if it's Special Summon was negated by a card effect such as "Solemn Judgment" and sent to the Graveyard, it cannot be Special Summoned from the Graveyard.
No, it is not considered a Summon. Therefore, the effects of cards such as Golem Sentry are not activated as it requires the card to be FLIP SUMMONED. However, it is considered to be "flipped" meaning that Flip Effect Monsters' effects are activated when successfully attacked.
um, yeah... all monster can be normal summoned, flip summoned, special summoned etc unless specified otherwise. eg, ancient gear golem says "this card cannot be special summoned".
If Herald of Perfection is successfully Ritual Summoned and is sent to the Graveyard, it is then eligible to be Special Summoned from the Graveyard, unless specifically denied by another card effect.