Yes, you do.
You don't. You use underlining, bold, or italics if you're typing.
In academic writing using Chicago style, place quotation marks around direct quotes and titles of shorter works like articles or chapters. Use double quotation marks for the main quote and single quotation marks for quotes within the main quote.
If a word is in quotation marks, and you're quoting it, use single quotation marks to indicate an embedded quotation.
Company names are not underlined, nor are quotation marks put around them. They are written as normal proper nouns unless there are underlines or quotation marks in the name itself.
In APA style, use double quotation marks to enclose direct quotes from sources. Place the punctuation inside the quotation marks. Use single quotation marks for quotes within quotes.
Never. You should always have quotation marks sorrounding a quote.
The names of newspapers, magazines and other journals should be italicized. If italics are not available, underline if handwritten or use quotations marks.
The names of books and other large works are underlined or italicized.
If a proper name or nickname is part of a quote and requires quotation marks, use double quotation marks for the overall quote and single quotation marks within the quote for the proper name or nickname.
I use quotation marks. It's not a hard and fast rule.
Yes, quotation marks can be used to indicate sarcasm in writing.
No. Ship names are like personal names or country names. For that reason, do not use "the" with a ship's name, unless in the phrase " the ship So-and-so." Titanic should be called Titanic, not the Titanic.