Yes, we only get the amount that can fit on one side of the planet at one time. The Sun's rays radiate in all directions.
Heat!!!!!! While the sun does produce a lot of heat, none of it reaches Earth. What reaches Earth is electromagnetic energy (light). Some of this light is converted to heat here on Earth, such as some of the light that hits your skin.
Light, heat, radiation
The planet that gives off its own heat and light is Earth. It receives light from the Sun and reflects some of it back into space. Earth also generates heat internally from radioactive decay and geothermal processes.
Energy from the Sun reaches Earth as radiation from various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. Some of this energy . Some of this energy is converted to heat. Some remains as visible light.
Earth technically receives some energy from other stars, but only a miniscule amount. This is because those stars are millions of times more distant than the sun.
The main source of energy that heats the Earth is the Sun. Solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's surface and then re-radiated as heat. The Earth's atmosphere traps some of this heat, leading to the warming of the planet.
Sun is the primary source of heat here in the Earth. As time moves on, human developed new sources of heat and light. Some of it are the torches, lamps, candles and others
It's unlikely that light and energy reflected from buildings on earth would heat up the moon. This is because the atmosphere and the ozone insulate and protect the earth, and at the same time contain energy and heat within the atmosphere. Just as the ozone and atmosphere prevent dangerous cosmic energies from penetrating to the earths surface, so too heat from the earth will not go through the ozone back into space, or at least not enough will go back to heat the moon. There will be some 'earth-shine' on the moon, but only enough to be able to see the earth and perhaps give some light to the dark sky.
The sun's heat reaches the Earth in the form of electromagnetic radiation, which can travel through the vacuum of space. When this radiation reaches Earth, it gets absorbed by the atmosphere and the Earth's surface, warming it up. This is why you can feel the sun's heat even though there is no air between the sun and the Earth.
Light rays of every frequency strike the Earth all the time. Some of the light is reflected back into space, from clouds or the oceans; some of the light is absorbed, which heats the Earth. Some of the heat energy is re-radiated into space, especially on very clear nights. (If you have ever wondered why clear winter nights are so much colder than cloudy winter nights, this is why; the heat of the Earth is escaping into space! Winter clouds act as a blanket, trapping the heat close to the ground.) So, high-frequency UV light is sometimes absorbed, while lower-frequency heat is re-radiated.
Earth emits radiation across a wide range of wavelengths, including infrared, visible light, and some ultraviolet. This radiation is primarily determined by the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.
Yes, both heat and light from the sun need to pass through Earth's atmosphere to reach the surface of the planet. The atmosphere allows some of the sun's energy to pass through and reach the surface while also absorbing and reflecting some of it.