Yes and no. Although Japan has three branches to its military, just as any other modern military, these are referred to as the Ground Self Defense Force, Maritime Self Defense Force and Air Self Defense Force. They are never referred to officially as an army, navy or air force because article nine of the Japanese constitution renounces Japan's sovereign right to war and forbids the use of force in resolving international disputes. So although there are military forces in Japan, admitting this would place Japan at risk of breaching the law. Instead Japan is allowed only the minimum military presence necessary to defend its independence, and must rely on protection from the US to protect itself further.
Twentieth Army - Japan - was created in 1941.
Twentieth Army - Japan - ended in 1946.
Fortieth Army - Japan - was created in 1945.
Fortieth Army - Japan - ended in 1945.
Taiwan Army of Japan was created in 1919.
Third Army - Japan - was created in 1904.
Third Army - Japan - ended in 1945.
Fiftieth Army - Japan - ended in 1945.
Fiftieth Army - Japan - was created in 1945.
Sixth Army - Japan - ended in 1945.
Sixth Army - Japan - was created in 1939.
Sixteenth Army - Japan - ended in 1945.