Light travels at its maximum velocity c in a vacuum. In a medium with a certain refractive index, it is slowed down and travels with velocity c/index
because of difference in density of the medium, water is a more dense medium than air.
Refraction is the bending of light when it passes from a dense medium to a differently dense medium. Light therefore finds it easier/more difficult to travel and the speed changes accordingly, which is why it bends.
It travels faster thru air
Medium A is the more optically dense medium. As when the light enters B its speed increases taking it toward the normal.
Generally, the density of the transfer medium and its temperature determines the rate of transfer of sound energy. The more dense the medium and the higher its temperature, the faster sound will travel through it.
The speed of light is constant in its reference plane. You could never observe light moving more slowly, except when it refracts through a transparent medium.
The light bends when it passes from one medium to another. But only if it approaches the interface at an angle. In such a case it will still travel slower, but there will be no apparent bending.
Anything that light will penetrate is a medium light will travel through. Any such medium will slow light down, to a certain degree. Window glass slows light down somewhat. Water slows light down a bit more. A diamond slows light down greatly (part of the reason for the "fire" in a diamond.)
The light bends when it passes from one medium to another. But only if it approaches the interface at an angle. In such a case it will still travel slower, but there will be no apparent bending.
The more closely packed molecules are in a medium, the faster sound travels through the medium, so sound travels slowest through a gas under low pressure.
According to the light spectrum, water should travel through a more violet coloured water the fastest. The speed of light through a medium is not governed by its wavelength, so colour is not a factor.
Light waves travel fastest through vacuum, at nearly 30 million meters per second. Light travels more slowly through other substances such as air and water, and can be absorbed.