yes
Weigh the piece of matter using a mass balance.
Strictly a matter of which possesses the greater mass. If the softball has less mass than a basketball, it must weigh less.
That all depends on the situation. If you just need to know the mass of something in life, you just weigh it. If its a matter of a hypothetical such as a physics problem or something, and you have givens, you just use an equation.
You would weigh less, but your mass would stay the same. Weight is a result of gravity, mass is an inherent property of matter.
density = mass / volume. so you need to weigh to find the mass. To find the volume submerse in water and record the displacement of water to find the volume.
Your mass will remain the same regardless of gravity, so if you weigh 240 lbs on Earth, your mass will also be 240 lbs. Weight is the measure of the force of gravity on an object, while mass is the amount of matter in an object.
A thought is a pattern, not a discrete thing made out of matter. As such, it weighs nothing, since it takes mass to weigh anything.
You can weigh yourself or calculate your volume through water displacement, as matter is anything that occupies space (your volume) and has mass (your weight).
Mass measures how much matter there is in an object, but weight measures how much gravity acts upon it. You have the same amount of matter in both places, but you weigh less on the moon because there is less gravity.
"Amount of matter" is an informal description for mass. The relationship between mass and weight is: weight = mass x gravity The same mass can weigh more or less, depending on the strength of the gravitational field. For example, an object with a mass of 1 kg on Earth will also have a mass of 1 kg on the Moon. However, on Earth it would weigh 9.8 newton; on the Moon, about 6 times less.
No, gas cannot make you weigh more. Gas is a form of matter that has mass, but it does not add weight to your body when you inhale it. Weight is determined by the mass of your body and the force of gravity acting on it.
If your mass is 120 kg, then you weigh about 1,177 N on Earth, and about 195 N on the moon. Your mass doesn't change, no matter where you are.