Yes, I play Minecraft on my Windows 8.
Mods do work on Windows 8 laptops, you just most likely aren't installing them correctly
Minecraft currently supports: Windows XP - Windows 8. Linux And recently All types of Apple.
Minecraft does not need to update for it to be compatible with Windows 8
YES
I have windows 8 too. All you have to do is windows button+r then type in %appdata%
Yes
Minecraft can be played on Windows PC, Apple Mac, Xperia and Xbox360.
.bat files are Windows, so no.
To get The Sims 3 to work on Windows 8 would be the same as getting it to work on Windows 7 or Vista.
By pc I'm assuming you mean Windows. Minecraft works on definitively works on all versions of Windows including and after XP. Minecraft also works on Mac and Linux. Minecraft may work on other operating systems as long as they support Java, OpenGL, and has the capability of handling graphics.
The F5 key is above the 5 key.