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Russia
Antarctica's Vostok station is the record holder for the coldest temperature on earth. Vostok is a Russian scientific station. Australia claims a pie-shaped slice of Antarctica, which is an invalid claim based on the Antarctic Treaty. Vostok Station -- a Russian research station, is located in this slice of Antarctica.
January is one of the warmest months in Antarctica, but South Pole -- USA, and Vostok station -- Russia, may trade coldest temperatures in January.
One well-known place in Antarctica is the South Pole. The USA supports a scientific research station there, the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station.
Usually, people who work and live in Antarctica are confined to the limits of the scientific station where they are assigned. The areas are quite comfortable for walk-ability.
There are no countries on Antarctica and no permanent population and therefore no cities. Many countries have scientific research stations on Antarctica.
Mawson Station in Antarctica serves as a scientific research base operated by the Australian Antarctic Program. Its primary purpose is to conduct research in areas such as climate change, atmospheric sciences, and biology. The station also monitors environmental changes in the region and supports Australia's interests in Antarctica.
The largest research station in Antarctica is funded by USA: McMurdo. The coldest research station is funded by Russia: Vostok.
You can access Antarctica from New Zealand, Australia, Chile, Argentina, even South America -- with several cities being bases for tours or logistical support for scientific work being conducted on the continent.
Novolazarevskaya Station, located in Antarctica, was established in 1980 by Russia (then the Soviet Union) as part of its research initiatives on the continent. The station serves as a hub for scientific research, focusing on atmospheric studies, biology, and glaciology. Its strategic location allows for year-round operations, contributing to a better understanding of the Antarctic environment and its global implications.
Antarctica's Dry Valleys -- a region of Antarctica near the New Zealand scientific research station and one American station -- are barren. There may be a temporary scientific hut occupied for a few weeks during the austral summer, especially near Lake Vanda. Otherwise, the Dry Valleys have been compared to the surface of the planet Mars.
The South Pole is at 90 degrees S latitude and is nowhere near Russia. The North Pole is at 90 degrees N latitude and is relatively close to Russia. All lines of longitude converge at both poles. The South Pole is located on the continent of Antarctica. There are no countries on Antarctica and no permanent population. Many countries have scientific research stations on Antarctica.