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Depending upon what type of extinguisher, there may be both.
When water is used, it is a physical change, as water is converted to steam and the heat is removed from the fire.
When a dry chemical is used, it is a physical change as the powder cools the fire, but also a chemical change that affects the speed of combustion.
A foam-type extinguisher physically cools the fire but, more importantly, establishes a chemical layer of oxygen-starved foam on the surface of flaming liquids.
A CO2 extinguisher cools a fire (at minus 130 F), but also pushes out the oxygen-rich air and replaces it with CO2 gas, which does not burn well at normal temperatures.
For a Class D extinguisher, related to flammable metals, it is typically a chemical change that converts the surface of the burning metal to something inert.
Similarly, a Class K (or F) kitchen extinguisher converts the surface of burning vegetable oils to a soapy substance that no longer burns.
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