No. The urine stays in the water, maybe floating around.
the kidney in a human body usually purifys the water you drink which turns into urine
filter it through a carbon filter
No. The urine is not produced in the kidney. The kidney is a filter.
It isn't. Cat urine is not fluorescent, and it does not glow in the dark. I'm not sure where this myth comes from. Cat urine is yellow, like human urine. To the naked eye, it is indistinguishable from human urine, except for the smell. Cat urine is ammonia-based (unlike human urine) so it smells of ammonia.
You cannot get any diseases from human urine. In fact, human urine is sterile and so it cannot carry any diseases.
To filter the blood
See the related link. The basic process to recover magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate from urine is; allow urine to age till pH is around 9-9.5, then a filter bag with magnesium oxide is circulated with the urine. The final product is in the filter bag.
Normally human urine has a pH of about 6 which makes it an acid. However if something is not right the pH of urine can be higher or lower which could make the urine basic but this is not normal.
Yes, human urine is a good compost activator, particularly when diluted with 3 parts water to 1 part urine.
the main function is to filter blood which produces urine.
The nephron is the part of the kidney that produces urine.
Yes, a person can drink his/her own urine.