The clear answer is, we don't. We cannot detect the hypothetical "dark matter", and the only reason we are talking about "dark matter" is that we cannot actually see enough mass in the Milky Way galaxy to account for the gravity that we know must be there - because the Milky Way would fly apart with only the mass that we can see.
The "dark matter" may be in the form of invisibly-dim brown dwarf stars, or black holes, or "something else". Dark matter is the "something else". Everything you read about dark matter is a guess.
Yes this is true. We have recently discovered dark matter exists with the help of the Hadron particle collider, but can not see dark matter. (not yet any way)
'Dark matter' and 'dark energy' have not been observed or proven yet.
What exists at the center of a black hole. Why is dark matter unaffected by photons. What is dark energy. Examples...
We know that dark matter exists because it got gravity, though it is invisible. It hold galaxy and Universe. There is a theory there many other parallel universe outside our universe and dark matter holds those universe up and some scientists says that dark matter are just mass of the matter of the parallel universe. It sounds crazy but that is the Law of Physics. However there is not exact explanation of what dark matter really is, so there are still Noble Prices for those who can come up with a reasonable explanation
There is a lack of OBSERVED matter, but it is quite clear (due to gravitational effects), that dark matter indeed exists. There are all kinds of pieces of evidence in favor of dark matter. It isn't known yet what it is made of.
Dark Matter is required to exist because without it all galaxies would fly apart. In our Milky Way Galaxy Dark Matter accounts for 90% of the entire mass of the galaxy. Dark Matter is simply that, Dark. As it cannot be seen and has a very weak force. It only interacts with gravity.
Most matter in the universe exists in the form of dark matter and dark energy, which are currently not fully understood by scientists. These two components make up the majority of the universe's mass-energy content, with ordinary matter (protons, neutrons, electrons) making up only a small percentage.
Dark matter is a mysterious substance that does not interact with regular matter, so it is unlikely you would be able to walk through a wall made of dark matter. Our current understanding of dark matter is that it exists in a halo around galaxies and does not clump together like regular matter to form solid structures like walls.
Dust, gas, dark matter, perhaps individual stars and planets.
In the absolute strictness sense, neither I nor anyone else can know dark matter exists. But we DO know that neither the measured velocities of spinning galaxies nor the bending of light from distant galaxies can be explained (1) by the amount of matter we can see in and between those galaxies (2) with our present understanding of gravity. Either there's some mass out there that we can't see OR we don't understand gravity as well as we think we do. Conceptually, scientists prefer solving these discrepencies with (1), as it means we simply have to add some matter to our Universe. What EVER that extra matter happens to end up being, we will, until we know better, simply call it "dark" matter. Thus, ANY use of solution (1) means dark matter exists, even if we don't know its exact nature. Interestingly, the density of dark matter that would explain the first anamoly -- the spin velocity of galaxies -- is about equal to the density that would explain the second one -- the bending of light through inter-galactic space. This strongly suggests solution (1) for both unresolved problems.
We do not know as we have not found any dark matter to examine. The only way we detect it and know it exists is due to its gravitational attraction of the ordinary matter we can see. One speculation when neutrinos were discovered to have tiny nonzero masses was that dark matter might be neutrinos. Another speculation is that dark matter is only ordinary matter, but its in another separate universe in a shared higher dimensional spacetime. Nobody knows.
Neither, dark matter is an undetectable yet massive existence within our universe. It is spread out relatively smoothly, not bunching up in particular locations. For more information, search dark matter images (computer simulated), they help the visualization of it.