No. Nor does any other language, technically speaking.
Without an operating system, your program has to do everything itself. You want it to print? You have to figure out how to communicate with the printer port, and send it a complete description ... in whatever the printer's control language is ... of the document you want to print. Want to display something on the screen? Same deal: you've got to know at a very low level how the graphics card works and how to make it display something. Want to communicate over the network? Allow me to suggest that you probably don't, because it's the same thing all over again. Even a "simple" matter that you might take for granted like finding and reading a file is non-trivial if you have to write the code to interface directly with the disk hardware yourself.
The job of the operating system is to abstract all of that so that you don't have to worry about it, or about timing of disk operations, or about the refresh rate of the display... you make system calls, and the system does all that for you "Behind the Scenes".
I think you have a confusion here. On some computers both compilers and assemblers can be run as stand alone programs without an operating system, but this is usually inconvenient. I had one computer that had a compiler that removed the entire operating system from memory as soon as it started running to make room to work in (this compiler could compile its own source), then reloaded the operating system when it finished.
The code generated by both compilers and assemblers can be run either with or without an operating system (how do you think operating systems and bootstrap programs are written?), all depending on how they are written and what they are linked to. Most code that is compiled must be linked to a "runtime library" whether or not they are run with an operating system.
An operating system is just another program written as some mixture of compiled and assembled code. The operating system program itself must be able to run without an operating system.
When you are doing system level programming, because it is the closest language there is to assembly language.
Yes, assembly language is definitely still used. Many I/O drivers and much of the bootstrap code that starts a computer must be written in assembly language as high level languages do not provide means for coding certain special purpose instructions needed for these operations. Also high level languages usually require that subroutine library codes be available, while assembly language does not. As these subroutine library codes usually cannot be loaded until the Operating System is up and running, assembly language must be used for much of the code that bootstraps the computer and loads the Operating System.
No.
These days very few programs are written in assembly language. Some parts of operating system kernels are written in assembly language usually because they need to perform some function very specific to a particular microprocessor architecture. Other programs written in assembly language include programs written for very cheap microprocessors in embedded systems. Such systems have very little resources and do not run operating system and compilers. Finally some specific parts of applications programs may be written in assembly language for performance optimization, but examples of those today are quite rare indeed.
No.
The operating system (OS) controls the hardware. A successful computer system will have hardware and an operating system. Application software is not required. All operating systems have a low level, or machine language to run the operation system and control all hardware.
Because it cannot be understood by users. High level language like C can be understood by the user by looking at its source code. But assembly level language does not have any source code, its a language converted from high level language to low level language (assembly level language or machine level language) so that the language which the user could read/understand can also be read/understand by the machine.
No.
No.
To the question, It is an low level language An assembly language is use to write programs : 1.Games 2.Operating system 3.Utility program 4.compiler/assembler/interpreter 5.Virus 6.Defragmenter 7.Device driver
An assembler.
Programs written in a high level language might be slower than ones written in Assembly language; but it is not always so, it is very easy to write un-effective programs in Assembly.