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Molecular structure of a chromosome
The change in chromosomal structure involving the transfer of one section of a chromosome to a non-homologous chromosome is known as a chromosomal translocation. This can result in genes being positioned in a different order or location, which can potentially disrupt gene function or regulation. Translocations are associated with various genetic disorders and can have significant effects on an individual's health and development.
chromosome
Chromosome mutations can result in changes in the number of chromosomes in a cell or changes in the structure of a chromosome. Unlike a gene mutation which alters a single gene or larger segment of DNA on a chromosome, chromosome mutations change and impact the entire chromosome.
A change in a gene could involve a mutation that alters the DNA sequence, affecting the function of the protein it codes for. A change in a chromosome could involve alterations in the structure, number, or distribution of genetic material, leading to genetic disorders or diseases.
Down's Syndrome is an example of a birth defect characterized by an abnormality of the chromosome structure.
DNA is packaged into a chromosome by wrapping around proteins called histones, forming a structure known as chromatin. This chromatin then coils and condenses to create the compact structure of a chromosome.
A change in the structure of a gene or chromosome is called a mutation. Mutations can occur through different mechanisms such as substitution, deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of DNA sequences, leading to alterations in the genetic information carried by the affected gene or chromosome. Mutations can have various effects on an organism, ranging from no noticeable impact to causing genetic disorders or diseases.
chromosome
The chromosome
Vesicle
A chromosome