Yes there are a number of active volcanoes on Earth.
Presumably.
This is known as a volcanic eruption.
The nitrogen is different between the two.
Volcanic activity refers to any processes related to the activity of volcanoes, such as eruptions, lava flows, gas emissions, and volcanic earthquakes. It is the result of the movement of magma (molten rock) from within the Earth's mantle to the surface through volcanic vents.
Convection
Seafloor spreading
Io is subject to intense volcanic activity, far beyond the volcanic activty on Earth. This prevents any ice from accumulating on its surface.
Yes, at least Mt Erebus is active -- the southern-most active volcano on earth.
Possibly.
asdfghjkl
The surface of Callisto is heavily cratered and extremely old. It does not show any sign of volcanic activity.
Volcanic activity is known to occur on Earth, Mars, Venus, and Io, a moon of Jupiter. These locations have evidence of active volcanoes or past volcanic activity.