Yes, it obeys the inverse square law.
Because they are farther away from the gravitational pull of the sun.
They travel on an imaginary axis around the Sun. The Sun's gravitational pull keeps the planets from drifting away.
The Gravitational Pull
no
The further away from the Earth's surface you travel - the weaker the gravitational pull is.
Because of Gravity or Because their gravitational pull towards the other planets or sun keeps it in one place.
The question probably means "What keeps the planets in orbit around the Sun?" The answer to that is : The Sun's gravitational attraction provides the force needed to keep the planets in orbit. This force doesn't pull the planets any closer to the Sun, but it stops the planets moving away (at a tangent to their orbits) due to their own velocities.
The Sun's gravity is trying to pull the planets towards it. But the planets have their own velocities and all the Sun's gravitational attraction is needed to stop the planets moving away from the Sun. The result is that the planets orbit the Sun.
The outer planets take longer to orbit the Sun, because they are farther away from the Sun. It make its gravitational pull weaker to the farther planets. That means that the outer planets take longer to orbit the Sun.
The planets have a tangential velocity, they are speeding along sideways relative to the sun. If there was no gravity, this velocity would take the planets away from the sun, but the sun has a huge gravitational force which counteracts this effect. The suns gravitational force attracts the planets in, against this tangential velocity. If the planets were to gradually slow down, then they would eventually spiral into the sun, but in space there is no drag, so the planets maintain their speed and their orbits.
because of the gravitational pull each induvidual planet has.
They are held in place by the gravitational force of the sun.