If there is indeed anything "outside of the Universe", science has no knowledge about it.
gravity is a force that pulls us on to the ground and earth makes the gravity.In space there is no gravity (scientist call this zero gravity) so gravity isn't pulling the universe back because there is no gravity outside planets.
Everything with mass or energy experiences gravity, from planets and stars to objects as small as a single atom. Gravity is a fundamental force in the universe that causes objects to be attracted to each other.
Every object in the universe which has mass attracts other by gravity. Mass is the fundamental property of every object in the universe and it is due to mass gravity exits. So sun also has gravity.
We don't know what it's like outside the universe because the big bang caused the expansion of mass, so were pretty sure nothing happens outside the universe.
There is gravity everywhere in the universe. So, if India is somewhere in the universe, then there is gravity there. This is a big part of the reason that people in India are able to walk around during the day, and stay on their beds during the night.
Everything in the universe except zero gravity liscensed things
Gravity needs no specific "devices". ANY mass in the Universe attracts ANY other mass. So, the only thing you need for gravity to work, is to have two objects that have mass - so basically, any two objects.
Everything in the universe, which has mass, is the source of gravity. Mass is the fundamental property of every object in this universe and it is due to this property that every object attracts other objects. So, earth is also a source of gravity.
Gravity does not stop outside the Earth's atmosphere. Gravity's range is theoretically infinite, so you will never be free of its influence. Every object has gravitational attraction for every other object in the universe. The force of that attraction is greater for objects with greater amass, and is gets less as the distance between the two increases. The only way to not notice gravity's influence is to be in free fall. They you don't have anything opposing your movement toward the large attracting object (the earth) and you don't feel the attraction (the weight). As such weightlessness is experienced by astronauts in a spacecraft in orbit, so it is in free fall.
Yes, gravity is a fundamental force that exists throughout the universe, including other galaxies. The strength of gravity depends on the mass of an object, so larger galaxies will have stronger gravitational fields.
It was believed for quite a while that gravity would slow the expansion of the Universe down. But it is now known that the Universe is expanding faster and faster (apparently it tends towards an exponential growth), so there must be something else, that is pushing the Universe apart, more strongly than gravity can it together. This "something" is called "dark energy".
As there is currently no confirmed evidence of anything existing outside our universe, it is not possible to determine the next closest object to Earth. The concept of distance and objects beyond our universe is purely speculative and theoretical at this point.