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At a molecular level, molecules will always vibrate to some degree. This vibration causes what is known as Brownian motion and molecular vibrations cause bumps and collisions against other molecules which result in random motion, much like how vibrators may bounce of one another when in contact and vibrating.
Why molecules will always vibrate is due to the laws of thermodynamics. Only at absolute zero (0 K) will a molecule cease to vibrate. However, absolute zero can never be achieved artificially, though it is possible to reach temperatures close to it through the use of cryocoolers. This is the same principle that ensures no machine can be 100% efficient. Laser cooling is another technique used to take temperatures to within a billionth of a degree of 0 K.
At temperatures near 0 K, nearly all molecular motion ceases and ΔS = 0 for any adiabatic process. Pure substances can (ideally) form perfect crystals as Temperature approaches 0. Max Planck's strong form of the third law of thermodynamics states the entropy of a perfect crystal vanishes at absolute zero. The original Nernst heat theorem makes the weaker and less controversial claim that the entropy change for any isothermal process approaches zero as Temperature approaches 0. The implication is that the entropy of a perfect crystal simply approaches a constant value.
The Nernst postulate identifies the isotherm T = 0 as coincident with the adiabat S = 0, although other isotherms and adiabats are distinct. As no two adiabats intersect, no other adiabat can intersect the T = 0 isotherm. Consequently no adiabatic process initiated at nonzero temperature can lead to zero temperature. In other words, it is impossible by any procedure to reduce the temperature of a system to zero in a finite number of operations.
Therefore molecules will alwyas be moving due to the impossibility to drive the temperature down to 0 K, which if it were possible would stop movement entirely.
What else can I help you with?
WHICH observation does not show molecular motion?
Observation of an object at rest or stationary would not show molecular motion.
When does all motion of molecules stop?
When the temperature reached absolute zero (0 Kelvin or -273 Celsius), all molecular motion ceases.
Does molecular motion decrease when water is boiling?
No, molecular motion actually increases when water is boiling. When water reaches its boiling point, the molecules absorb enough heat energy to break free from the liquid phase and transition into the gaseous phase, leading to increased molecular motion.
What is the Name given to the movement of particles due to molecular motion?
The movement of particles due to molecular motion is called diffusion. It is the process by which particles spread out from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, driven by the random motion of molecules.
Molecules are not in random motion when that substance is at?
Molecules are not in random motion when a substance is at absolute zero, the lowest possible temperature at which molecular motion ceases. At this point, molecular movement only exists due to the zero-point energy, preventing complete immobilization.
Does molecular motion stop when diffusion stops?
No, molecular motion does not stop when diffusion stops. Molecular motion refers to the movement of molecules within a substance, which continues even when there is no net movement of molecules from one region to another (diffusion).
Would all motion stop at absolute zero and stop time?
All molecular motion stops at absolute zero. This would not stop the passage of time.
On what scale does all molecular motion stop at -459?
The the Fahrenheit value for "absolute zero".
Molecular motion in a gas is the minimum possible at?
The molecular motion in a gas is at its minimum possible at absolute zero temperature. At this temperature, the molecules have almost zero kinetic energy, causing them to come to a stop and exhibit minimal motion.
Is absolute zero the temperature at which there is no molecular motion.?
Yes, absolute zero is the temperature at which particles have minimum kinetic energy, resulting in minimal molecular motion. At this temperature, particles theoretically stop moving entirely.
What temperature centigrade does all molecular motion stop?
-273 degrees centrigrade, or 0 degrees Kelvin.
Molecular motion stop at 0 degrees?
At 0 degrees Kelvin (absolute zero), molecular motion ceases and particles no longer have kinetic energy to move. At this temperature, atoms are at their lowest energy state and are not vibrating or moving.
When you throw a ball onto the ground why does it stop after a while?
Because of newtons 1st law of motion, what ever is at rest must stay at rest, what ever is in motion must stay in motion
WHICH observation does not show molecular motion?
Observation of an object at rest or stationary would not show molecular motion.
The theoretical point at which all molecular motion stops is called?
"absolute zero" or 0 degrees Kelvin.
When does all motion of molecules stop?
When the temperature reached absolute zero (0 Kelvin or -273 Celsius), all molecular motion ceases.
Which state of matter has the least molecular motion?
The solid state has the least molecular motion.
