Tides on Earth are caused by the fact that while the Moon is orbiting the Earth, the Earth is also orbiting the Moon. (Because the Earth is much larger than the moon, the Earth moves much less than the Moon does.) The Earth is relatively solid, but the oceans of the earth are liquid.
The different orbital distances of the ocean on the moon-side of the Earth and the ocean on the far-side of the Earth mean that the oceans actually move in different orbits than the Earth itself does, but the water is moving at the orbital speed of the Earth itself. An object farther out from the center of the orbit will fall out away from the center, while an object inside the orbital distance falls toward the center of the orbit.
This causes the liquid oceans to "bulge out" as each water molecule tries to follow its own path ir orbit around the Moon, toward the Moon on the inside and away from the moon on the far side.
The same forces act between the Sun and the Earth, and the tides we see are a blend of the orbital motions of the water under the influence of the Moon and Sun's gravity.
So to answer the question directly, tides are higher at New and Full moons when the Moon and Sun are more-or-less lined up and their orbital forces add up, and less at the quarters of the moon when the orbital forces are at cross-angles to each other.
The phases of the Moon are the same to all observers on Earth, at a given time.
it doesn't look any different from where ever you look at it
no,
The moon's phases are on the same date everywhere around the world, but the moon itself will look different depending on your latitude.
1/4 of the Moon in light
Yes
yes
Mass is a constant everywhere in the universe. The weight on the moon is about one sixth of the weight on the earth, because the mass of the moon is about one sixth of the mass of the earth reducing the force of gravity.
I want to know the exact date the moon is furthest away from the earth.
Gravity is active everywhere, and there's plenty of it on the moon. If you weigh 200 pounds on Earth, then you would weigh about 33.1 pounds on the moon.
Because when I look up from the Earth, the surface of the Moon looks like nothing on Earth.
yes
Right now ... January 12, 2010 ... the moon is in the late waning phases everywhere. "New Moon" will occur on Friday 1/15, and the moon will then begin to 'grow' again. Everybody, everywhere on earth, sees the same moon phase on the same date.
no , depending on your climate of the area you are around during moonrise will affect the brightness of the moon but not the color.
Yes. All astronomical observations to date suggest that the gravitational constant is literally a universal constant ... the same everywhere in the universe.
Because the moon itself is never visible everywhere on Earth at the same time. When there is an eclipse going on, half of the Earth, and all of the people on that half, are turned away from the moon, and looking the other way.
In that case, you would also see a half moon if you could see the moon at all. The moon is in the same phase for everywhere on Earth, so if you can see it at all, you're seeing it in the same phase that anyone else on Earth is seeing.
The earth.
The same as it is on Earth and everywhere else for that matter. Your mass doesn't change.
Mass is a constant everywhere in the universe. The weight on the moon is about one sixth of the weight on the earth, because the mass of the moon is about one sixth of the mass of the earth reducing the force of gravity.
It doesn't
I want to know the exact date the moon is furthest away from the earth.
Gravity is active everywhere, and there's plenty of it on the moon. If you weigh 200 pounds on Earth, then you would weigh about 33.1 pounds on the moon.