Osteoclasts break down bone, which will essentially increase the amount of free calcium in the blood stream. Osteoblasts "build" bones from the free calcium in the blood. Calcium is involved in muscle contraction, so if you lack the necessary calcium in your diet, your body will actually break down bone material in order to obtain the necessary calcium for proper muscle function.
Not probably. Because the activity of the osteoblast cells go hand in hand. When osteoclast cells have more activity than osteoblast cells, you will have rising calcium level. This can happen in bed ridden patient.
Osteoclast cells do not raise the calcium levels because they reabsorb bone tissue back into the body thereby reducing the level of calcium.
Osteoclasts which break down existing bone matrix and osteoblasts which lay down new bone matrix in areas that are under the greatest stress such as gravity or where muscles pull on bones.
If you are looking for the one hormone that does this, then the answer is parathyroid hormone (PTH), produced in the parathyroid glands.A more technical description is given below:Three hormones act in the body to increase blood calcium levels to normal. These hormones are 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcitonin that originate respectively from the liver and kidneys, parathyroid glands, and thyroid glands. The first, 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol (active vitamin D3), serves to increase calcium absorption from the intestine. The second, PTH, dissolves bone into the blood. The third, calcitonin, prevents the bone-derived calcium from being resorbed ("reabsorbed") into the bone from which it came via PTH. To summarize, these three hormones act in concert to raise calcium levels via external and internal routes.References: Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, 23eKim E. Barrett, et. al. Chapter 23: Hormonal Control of Calcium & Phosphate Metabolism & the Physiology of Bone
The parathyroid glands (4 of them) secrete parathyroid hormone to increase blood calcium. When the parathyroid glands detect low blood calcium levels, they secrete more parathyroid hormone, which causes the bones to release calcium to the bloodstream, thereby increasing blood calcium levels.
When the blood level of calcium drops below normal, the parathyroid glands release parathyroid hormone, which acts to increase blood calcium levels by increasing the activity of osteoclasts, releasing calcium from bone.
Osteoclasts are the cells that breakdown bones by releasing enzymes and resorbing the bones. This sounds negative but it's actually very important for bone health because it allows your bones to be remodeled. About 10% of adult bones are remodeled in a year; in the first year of life, almost 100% of the skeleton is remodeled and replaced.
Osteoclasts activity is inhibited and blood calcium levels rise.
The parathyroid glands produce and secrete parathyroid hormone which regulates calcium levels in the blood. Since it increases blood calcium levels, it promotes the function of osteoclasts, which reduce the calcium in bones and promote its increase in the blood stream.
Low blood calcium levels stimulate the parathyroid gland to produce parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH stimulates the osteoclasts to break down the bone matrix releasing the trapped calcium thereby raising blood calcium levels.
Osteoclasts which break down existing bone matrix and osteoblasts which lay down new bone matrix in areas that are under the greatest stress such as gravity or where muscles pull on bones.
The Parathyroid glands produce PTH, known as Parathyroid Hormone, which stimulates the production of osteoclasts which increases levels of calcium ions in the bloodstream.
If you are looking for the one hormone that does this, then the answer is parathyroid hormone (PTH), produced in the parathyroid glands.A more technical description is given below:Three hormones act in the body to increase blood calcium levels to normal. These hormones are 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcitonin that originate respectively from the liver and kidneys, parathyroid glands, and thyroid glands. The first, 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol (active vitamin D3), serves to increase calcium absorption from the intestine. The second, PTH, dissolves bone into the blood. The third, calcitonin, prevents the bone-derived calcium from being resorbed ("reabsorbed") into the bone from which it came via PTH. To summarize, these three hormones act in concert to raise calcium levels via external and internal routes.References: Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, 23eKim E. Barrett, et. al. Chapter 23: Hormonal Control of Calcium & Phosphate Metabolism & the Physiology of Bone
Potassium and calcium
Bones are dynamic in the sense that they are constantly being broken down and built back up. When blood calcium levels are low, cells called osteoclasts break down bone matrix and release the calcium into the blood. When blood calcium levels are high, cells called osteoblasts take calcium out of the blood and use it the built bone matrix.
The parathyroid gland is the major regulator of blood Ca levels. When the Ca levels in the blood decrease, the parathyroid gland releases more parathyroid hormone. This in turn increases osteoclasts which results in more bone breakdown. this releases more Ca into the blood stream. When Ca levels in the blood increase the thyroid gland releases Calcitonin. this decreases the activity of the osteoclasts which in turn decrease the levels of Ca in the blood.
The parathyroid glands, of which there are four, and the thyroid gland are the glands that produce hormones that regulate calcium levels in the blood. Two parathyroid glands are located on the surface of the thyroid, and the other two are either on the surface or buried inside. The parathyroid produces parathyroid hormone (PTH), and the thyroid produces calcitonin. Parathyroid hormone increases calcium and calcitonin decreases calcium. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) works with vitamin D to regulate the amount of calcium that goes into bone and teeth and floats around in the blood. Normally about 90% of your body's calcium is in your skeleton. Parathyroid hormone activates the osteoclasts to break down bone. thereby raising Ca2+ levels in the blood. Calcitonin inhibits osteoclasts, decreases intestinal absorption of Ca2+, and limits renal tubular reabsorption of Ca2+ allowing it to be voided in urine. In this way, the action of calcitonin decreases blood calcium levels.
The natural greenhouse effect is not raising sea levels, but the enhanced (or accelerated) greenhouse effect which is causing global warming, is. The warmer atmosphere is melting glaciers and expanding the water in the oceans, so sea levels are rising.
parathyroid hormone