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The layer of the OSI model provides connectivity and path selection between two end systems where routing occurs in the network layer. The layer of the OSI model provides network services to processes in electronic mail and file transfer programs is application.
The Access Layer
IP refers to Internet Protocol....:IP is the primary protocol in the Internet Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite. Along with TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), it provides end to end connectivity specifying how data should be formatted, addressed, transmitted, routed and received at the destination.There is no such thing like real IP.
You can use the ping command to verify connectivity. Additionally you can use traceroute to determine how the packet reaches that destination.
tracking transmitted dataacknowledging received dataRetransmitting acknowledge data
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ping is the easiest.
layer 4
Session layer.The session layer provides the mechanism for opening, closing and managing a session between end-user application processes, i.e., a semi-permanent dialogue.
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Application layer is designed to convert user data to language that can be understood by Presentation layer. For instance, http is at Application layer and converts people language to language that can be understood by browsers.
The transport layer provides additional function to compensate for the limitations and impairments of the network layer, in order to meet requirements (e.g. QoS) of the upper layer. For example in TCP/IP, IP provides only best effort service. To provide the reliable service required by some applications - that is, to compensate for the shortcomings of best effort service - TCP establishes connections and implements flow control and congestion control on an end-to-end basis. Answer Actually, it is, just not through normal tools. Special programming is required to access the upper layers of TCP.