The layer of the OSI model provides connectivity and path selection between two end systems where routing occurs in the network layer. The layer of the OSI model provides network services to processes in electronic mail and file transfer programs is application.
The Access Layer
IP refers to Internet Protocol....:IP is the primary protocol in the Internet Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite. Along with TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), it provides end to end connectivity specifying how data should be formatted, addressed, transmitted, routed and received at the destination.There is no such thing like real IP.
You can use the ping command to verify connectivity. Additionally you can use traceroute to determine how the packet reaches that destination.
tracking transmitted dataacknowledging received dataRetransmitting acknowledge data
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ping is the easiest.
layer 4
The layers responsible for providing access to the end user are primarily the application layer and the presentation layer. The application layer facilitates communication between the user and the software applications, while the presentation layer is responsible for displaying data in a user-friendly format. Together, they ensure that users can interact with the system effectively and access the necessary information or services.
Session layer.The session layer provides the mechanism for opening, closing and managing a session between end-user application processes, i.e., a semi-permanent dialogue.
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Application layer is designed to convert user data to language that can be understood by Presentation layer. For instance, http is at Application layer and converts people language to language that can be understood by browsers.