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Q: Does stroke volume start with increased or decreased preload?
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What causes decreased preload?

Preload is caused by decreased blood volume in ventricles. Therefore, decreased preload directly caused by bleeding, polyuria, dehydration.


How can stroke volume can be altered?

Stroke volume is determined by three factors, altering any of them can change the stroke volume. These factors are preload, afterload, and contractility. The relationship is: SV = P*C/A What this means is that preload and contractility are directly proportional to the stroke volume and afterload is inversely proportional to stroke volume. If you increase preload (within certain limits), stroke volume will increase according to the Starling curve. Increasing contractility (many things can increase this), makes the heart pump harder and increases stroke volume. Increasing afterload decreases stroke volume. All of these can be reversed (decreasing preload and contractility = decreased stroke volume, etc). Get a good physiology book and it will explain all of this very well.


What is a heartbeat affected by?

The individual heartbeat, or contraction, can be modified by input from the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. This modification can include increased or decreased contraction ratios, increased or decreased stroke volume and increased or decreased rate of contraction.


Is heartbeat affected by heartbeat?

The individual heartbeat, or contraction, can be modified by input from the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. This modification can include increased or decreased contraction ratios, increased or decreased stroke volume and increased or decreased rate of contraction.


In a healthy individual which of the following would be low Contractility Preload Stroke volume or Afterload.?

afterload


How would a decrease in blood volume affect both stroke volume and cardiac output?

It's decreased ... unless the rate falls, which is the normal cardiac response.


What happened to the urine volume as the concentration gradient increased?

The urine volume decreased as the concentration gradient increased.


Which of the following would cause the greatest increase in cardiac output?

Increased heart rate and increased stroke volume


What is the sympathetic effect on stroke volume?

increased contractility


What do increased residual volume and decreased vital capacity indicate?

The increased residual volume and decreased vital capacity indicates difficulty in breathing. There are many conditions that can make the breathing capacity to reduce.


Does diuretics decrease preload or afterload?

it decreases blood volume and preload


What happend to the volume of urine as the solute concentration in the interstitial space was increased?

the urine volume decreased