2 forms.
Sodium is more reactive than sulfur because sodium belongs to Group 1 of the periodic table, which means it has one valence electron that it readily gives up to form compounds. Sulfur, on the other hand, belongs to Group 16 and tends to gain electrons to form compounds, making it less reactive than sodium.
Carbon, sulfur, and phosphorus are examples of elements that exist in more than one form. For example, carbon can be found as diamond or graphite, sulfur can be found as rhombic or monoclinic, and phosphorus can be found as white or red.
When one atom of sulfur reacts with one molecule of oxygen, they combine to form one molecule of sulfur dioxide. This reaction involves the sulfur atom bonding with the oxygen atom to create the sulfur dioxide molecule, which has one sulfur atom and two oxygen atoms.
Sulfur dioxide is generally considered more dangerous as a pollutant compared to sulfur trioxide. Sulfur dioxide can lead to respiratory issues and acid rain formation, whereas sulfur trioxide is a less common pollutant and tends to react with water vapor in the atmosphere to form sulfuric acid.
Sulfur is a fairly reactive non metal. It burns in air to form sulfur dioxide, it reacts with most metals to make ionic sulfides, and with halogens to make covalent compounds. It does not react with water or acids, but does react with hot alkalis.
Sulfur is an element because it contains only one type of molecule. Whereas, compounds have more than one type of molecule.
For the same reason that one dozen pencils has a smaller mass than one dozen bricks. Each atom of carbon weighs less than each atom of sulfur, and a mole of each has the same number of atoms, so a mole S will weigh more than a mole C.
One sodium atom is needed to form an ionic bond with one sulfur atom. Sodium typically loses one electron to form a cation with a +1 charge, while sulfur gains two electrons to form an anion with a -2 charge.
To form an ionic bond, calcium (which has 2 valence electrons) can donate its two electrons to sulfur (which requires 2 additional electrons to complete its valence shell). Therefore, one calcium atom can bond with one sulfur atom to form an ionic compound. Thus, only one calcium atom is needed to form an ionic bond with one sulfur atom.
S8 is more of an element than a compound. An element is only itself, and that sort of fits the bill, and a compound is something made of two or more elements, but 'molecule' would better fit the definition of that.
As you might imagine there is more than one. Sulfur, Carbon Black, Rubber.
More than one thrombus (or the plural form) is "thrombi".