The surface of the superior articular will work right above the inferior surface in a vertebra. This is not true in the atlas.
The inferior articular process or facet of the vertebra above.
A zygapophysis is an articular process of a vertebra.
There is no inferior process on any vertebrae, thoracic or not. There is an inferior articular facet. The inferior articular facet would articulate with the superior articular facet of the vertebrae just superior to it.
the transverse process and the articular process also spinous process
superior articular process
Articular cartilage
No it doesn't. The atlas is the first cervical vertebra and the only one with no spinous process.
The apophyseal joints are synovial joints in the vertebral column, between the superior or cranial articular process of one vertebra and the inferior or caudal articular process of the vertebra directly above it. See the link below:
A process....
from the atlas
A "head". For example, the head of the humerus or head of the femur.